دانلود کتاب Hyperbolic Geometry

The geometry of the hyperbolic plane has been an active and fascinating field of mathematical inquiry for most of the past two centuries. This book provides a self-contained introduction to the subject, suitable for third or fourth year undergraduates. The basic approach taken is to define hyperbolic lines and develop a natural group of transformations preserving hyperbolic lines, and then study hyperbolic geometry as those quantities invariant under this group of transformations.Topics covered include the upper half-plane model of the hyperbolic plane, M?bius transformations, the general M?bius group, and their subgroups preserving the upper half-plane, hyperbolic arc-length and distance as quantities invariant under these subgroups, the Poincar? disc model, convex subsets of the hyperbolic plane, hyperbolic area, the Gauss-Bonnet formula and its applications.This updated second edition also features:an expanded discussion of planar models of the hyperbolic plane arising from complex analysis; the hyperboloid model of the hyperbolic plane; brief discussion of generalizations to higher dimensions; many new exercises. The style and level of the book, which assumes few mathematical prerequisites, make it an ideal introduction to this subject and provides the reader with a firm grasp of the concepts and techniques of this beautiful part of the mathematical landscape.